These establishments receive no state funding and operate due to the yearly tuition fees paid by each pupil. Private education cannot lead to an official diploma, so the pupils need to sit a final exam to obtain the CEB (Certificat d'études de base) and the CESS (Certificat d'études secondaires supérieures). The schools naturally prepare their pupils for these tests. The European status of Brussels has led to the creation of new high-quality institutions where education is given in English, amongst other languages.